Anyone who has spent some time being a UX designer will tell you that the job is not really "about" the deliverables". Instead, it is the process and rationale behind these activities, exercises, workshops, studies, etc. and the relationship-building with different stakeholders (including the users of course) that comprise the beating heart of "User Experience".
Of course that is not a satisfying answer to the question.
If you want to see a list of methods and deliverables, check out this link:
A comprehensive list of UX design methods & deliverables (2021)
That list covers most of the popular "tools" in a designer's toolbelt. Things like stakeholder interviews, Brainstorming, Storyboards, User flows, Heuristic Analysis, etc.. These are all structured methods that a design can use to dig for answers.
(If you want to dive deeper into methods, check out: http://usabilitybok.org/methods)
Probably one of the most overused phrases from UX designers is "it's about the process". This is not a dig at the "results" because those definitely matter as well. The reason designers are so obsessed about "process" is because that is what directly informs the result.
A common misunderstanding of this phase is viewing this "process" as a checklist of things that all UX designers do. Turns out there is no ONE CORRECT PROCESS. Part of Why Experience in UX Design matters to employers is that experience helps a designer hypothesize how to best utilize these different tools at their disposal to figure out the right process for a job to achieve a specific goal.
Another common question I get is How can I improve my portfolio? and one of the main reasons are case studies where it feels like designers are blindly using tools without connecting the rationale for why these specific methods are included in their process.